Catalytic Converter

The catalytic converter is an important part of the vehicle's exhaust system since it converts harmful gases into exhaust gases. Many modern vehicles have a catalytic converter that has a honeycomb interior, while older cars have a ceramic beads design. The purpose of the design is to slow down the speed at which the exhaust gases are traveling.

Catalytic converter types

There are two types of cats including the 2-way and three-way catalytic converters that differ in abilities. The 2-way catalytic converter has the job of oxidizing the carbon monoxide as well as the hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide. It is mainly used in diesel engines to reduce emissions, but it was also used in older vehicles since they couldn't control the oxides of nitrogen.

The three-way cat has the benefit of being able to control the emissions. Due to the reduction of oxidation, many countries have adopted the emission regulation that the three-way converter offers to the user. It receives feedback on the mixture control from a computerized closed-loop fuel injection system.

Catalytic converter principles

When catalytic converters were introduced it was accompanied by a carburetor which provided a rich ratio of air and fuel. In which case it would lead to the exhaust stream being insufficient for the catalytic reaction. Now modern vehicles have an electronic fuel injection system that does not require a system in their exhaust. Information from the oxygen sensor to the engine control unit adjusts the fuel injection to prevent an overload of oxygen.

Common issues with a faulty catalytic converter

A faulty catalytic converter can lead to poor engine performance, rattling noise in the engine, and engine misfires.